Cross Culture And its Attitude Samples †MyAssignmenthelp.com

Question: Discuss about the Cross Culture And its Attitude. Answer: Introduction Contact between people from different cultures is increasing that is giving more importance to cross cultural attitudes (Min Kim, 2013)). People have different opinions about different culture people. It can be negative or positive. People should respect the values of all the cultures as values, beliefs are the major component of culture. Culture provide a perceptive for understanding the world. People are contributing towards this by learning new languages to understand other culture people and make them feel familiar. Many business are working on this and helping their employees to learn languages so that they can communicate with different culture people and can value other people culture. Prejudice, Racism, and Discrimination. Prejudice is a wide social phenomenon. It is used to refer to unfavorable, judgments towards person due to social class, disability, religion, language, gender, age, nationality, etc. Stereotypes representation of a person, group or society is known as Prejudice (Diplomba. 2017). In this people from one culture make opinions and judge other people from different culture. These opinions and judgments are not based on any reason or experience. From psychological point of view people start discriminating each other and it separates different nations. There are different types of prejudice such as Groundless prejudice, nominal prejudice, Tokenism prejudice, Familiar and unfamiliar prejudice, Individual prejudice, A long arm prejudice, Favors and antipathies prejudice, Institutional prejudice (Lumen. 2017). Racism means belief of people of each race own features, skills, or abilities specific to that race. It separate people into hierarchies according to the race. Due to genetic differences it has been said that unequal treatment among dissimilar culture is fair. Racism is faced by cultures that are different from other culture people according to their physical features and characteristics of their culture. Racism started in the eighteenth century (Diplomba. 2017). It is the most talked issue in todays society. Types of racism are scientific racism, new racism, historical racism, unaware/self-righteous racism, aware/blatant racism, institutional racism, internalized racism, unaware/unintentional racism and aware/covert racism. Discrimination refers to the attitude of people from one culture denies to give equal treatment to people because they are from different culture. Discrimination is built on the fantasies, feelings, beliefs and motivation of prejudice (Communication. 2017). One of the discrimination is institutional discrimination. It means denying to allow certain groups for providing resources, privileges and opportunities. Importance of Cross culture attitude Diversification is growing due to globalized markets, speedy communication and quick transport, the world is getting affected by terrorism and the evil actions of all the world powers. All these anger and negative powers are reason of failure on the global and individual levels. If world want to live happily and in peace then it is important to understand issues of inter-cultural and inter-racial relationships and its attitudes (Ingram, 2005). Learning language effect cross cultural attitudes positively as it helps in developing knowledge of different culture. Cross culture attitude helps in changing the attitude of one culture people towards people from other culture people. Cross culture attitude is important for increasing capability to make fair decisions and to appreciate opinions of different culture people. Cross culture attitude is important for learning and understanding other cultures and their people. It also increase the respect for other countries and their culture. Cross culture attitude encourages the essence of international cooperation (Ingram, 2005). Hofstedes cultural dimensions theory Hofstedes theory delivered a structure for cross cultural communication and Geert Hofstede presented the theory. It explains the impacts of the values and cultures of the people belonging to the society. With the help of factor analysis the relation between the values and behavior can be identified. The theory provided four dimensions such as individualism-collectivism; uncertainty avoidance; power distance (strength of social hierarchy) and masculinity-femininity (task orientation versus person-orientation). As the research conducted in the Hong Kong it influenced Hofstede to involve the fifth dimension in his theory i.e. long term orientations to cover those points which were not discussed previously. Indulgence versus self-restraint was the sixth dimension added by the Hofstede (Ideas. 2017). His theory was used widely in different fields for research. This research helped and inspired other studies of cross culture. Cultural dimensions model of Hofstede- Critical analysis Competition is gaining attention internationally and markets are changing very quickly. It influence the management of the company to analyze the culture of their own country as well as the culture of host country (Grin. 2011). The concept management of cross culture is grasping importance to understand the needs of cultural differences. Cultural dimensions model of Hofstede has achieved proportional position and draws notice of the increasing importance of understand the cross culture. Global operating organizations used Hofstedes model widely for its workshops and training. Cross cultural management model was affective and was creating awareness about existence of differences in the culture that shows strategies of home country might not be beneficial in the host country. (Ly, 2013). Besides this Hofstedes cultural study said to be important and was widely known. Many cultural studies were done but they were supporting Hofstedes study partially. All the models which were identified collected praises as well as criticism including Hofstedes model. Hofstedes model was mainly criticized about its validity and consistency. Another criticism received by his theory was about its survey findings it was said that they are outdated. Considering the presented criticisms from the literature, to evaluate the validity and consistency, imitation study was done in the 21st century in the countries of Germany and the UK. Through this study dimension scores were developed for Masculinity/ Feministy (MAS) and Uncertaininty Avoidance (UA) for Germany and UK and results were analyzed with the findings of Hofstedes model. It was discovered that the findings of this study were different from the findings of Hofstedes. As the finding of the study conducted in Germany and UK were not supporting Hofstedes models findings so recommendation was given for cultural research (Grin. 2011). Ideas for future research in Cross culture Besides, five cultural dimensions of Hofstedes theory, there are other factors also available which can be considered for the study of study cross culture. Different levels were avoided to use in the study as the structure of the levels was not supporting the subject of the model. These levels are Individual level, Organizational level, Occupational level and Gender level. Conclusion In the conclusion it can be said that it is important to study cross cultural attitudes to understand and respect all the cultures. It is important to learn languages as it will guide the person to provide fair decisions. Cross culture atiitude is important for learning and increasing knowledge about different cultures. People should not consider themselves to be superior and should not discriminate other culture people. Racism and Prejudice should be avoided. In the essay Prejudice, racism and discriminations is explained to aware people about it. Importance of cross culture attitude is also discussed above to show the importance of this topic. Theory of Hefstedes cross cultural is used to explain different dimensions. Critical evaluation is provided for this theory and future ideas are provided for cross culture research. References Min, C Kim, H. (2013). Relationship between cross-cultural attitudes and attitudes toward the foreign language study of tourism majors. Journal of tourism and cultural change. 11(2). 109-125. Ingram, D. E. (2005). Language Learning and Cross-Cultural Attitudes. Retrieved from: https://www.tesolchile.cl/documents/sept2005/DEIngram_fullpaper_Oct2004.htm Diplomba. (2017). Racism and prejudice and their role in cross-cultural communication. Retrieved from: https://diplomba.ru/work/77760 Communication. (2017). Culture, Prejudice, Racism, and Discrimination. Retrieved from: https://communication.oxfordre.com/view/10.1093/acrefore/9780190228613.001.0001/acrefore-9780190228613-e-164 Grin. (2011). Critical analysis of Hofstedes model of cultural dimensions. Retrieved from: https://www.grin.com/en/e-book/169716/critical-analysis-of-hofstede-s-model-of-cultural-dimensions Ideas. (2017). A Critical Approach to Hofstedes Model on Cultural Dimensions. Retrieved from: https://ideas.repec.org/a/ovi/oviste/vxiiy2012i12p644-649.html Ly, A. (2013). A critical discussion of Hofstedes concept of Power Distance. Retrieved from: https://brage.bibsys.no/xmlui/bitstream/handle/11250/2393819/Ly_28.pdf?sequence=1 Lumen. (2017). Prejudice and Discrimination. Retrieved from: https://courses.lumenlearning.com/wsu-sandbox/chapter/prejudice-and-discrimination/